The Boxer is the most common breed that presents to the veterinarian for gingival enlargement. Gingival enlargement could be due to either hypertrophy or hyperplasia, however, the latter is most common.  In the Boxer and other breeds, gingival hyperplasia is believed to be "familial" or inherited.  Dogs on calcium channel blockers, or on anti-siezure medications such as phenytoin; may also develop gingival enlargements.

Treatment

If gingival enlargement is associated with a specific drug, changing medications may be helpful.  Periodontal surgery is typically the treatment of choice to eliminate deep pockets where bacteria can hide, colonize the periodontal tissues, and cause destruction.

Clinical appearance of gingival hyperplasia